| Effectiveness of social and therapeutic horticulture for reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
2025 |
Carly J. Wood, Jo Barton, Claire L. Wicks |
| School Grounds in Scotland in 2025 - Key Points and Reflections from a ‘State of the Nation’ Report |
2025 |
The research and report led by Professor John McKendrick, and commissioned by Play Scotland, Learning through Landscapes, and NatureScot |
| What is therapeutic horticulture, and does it work? |
2025 |
|
| Natural restorative environment intervention for positive psychological outcomes of college students: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Accepted for publication, Adolescent Research Review. |
2025 |
Siyuan Guo Tongyu Li Claudia Kam Yuk Lai Binxia Xue |
| Nature-Based Interventions for Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Scoping Review |
2025 |
Claudia Kam Yuk Lai, LI Yuli, LI Tongyu, Sheung Mei Shamay Ng, WANG Kefang, |
| Effects of horticultural therapy: Perspectives of frail and pre‐frail older nursing home residents |
2019 |
Shirley K L Lo 1, Winsome Y Y Lam 2, Rick Y C Kwan 1, Mimi M Y Tse 1, Jordan K H Lau 3, Claudia K Y Lai |
| Social and Therapeutic Horticulture as a Palliative Care Intervention |
2023 |
Elisabeth Pilgrem |
| Do All Gardens Heal the Same? |
2017 |
Elizabeth R. Messer Diehl |
| The effect of horticultural therapy on the quality of life of palliative care patients |
2017 |
Lai CKY, Lau CKY, Kan WY, Lam WM & Fung CYY |
| The Eating and Drinking Well with Dementia Toolkit |
2021 |
Professor Murphy, Dr Holmes |
| What is the evidence for the impact of gardens and gardening on health and well-being: a scoping review and evidence-based logic model to guide healthcare strategy decision making on the use of gardening approaches as a social prescription |
2020 |
Michelle Howarth, Alison Brettle, Michael Hardman , Michelle Maden |
| Is gardening associated with greater happiness of urban residents? A multiactivity, dynamic assessment in the Twin-Cities region, USA |
2020 |
Graham Ambrosea,, Kirti Dasb,, Yingling Fanb,, Yingling Fanb, |
| Gardening promotes neuroendocrine and affective restoration from stress |
2015 |
Van Den Berg AE, Custers MH |
| Healing garden: Primary concept |
2015 |
PRINGUEY-CRIOU France |
| The healing garden, therapeutic resource: Psychopathological and phenomenological aspects, therapeutic implications |
2015 |
PRINGUEY Dominique, PRINGUEY-CRIOU France |
| Physical discomfort may be reduced in the presence of interior plants |
2000 |
V. Lohr, C Pearson-Mims |
| Stress Recovery During exposure to natural and urban environments |
1991 |
Roger S. Ulrich, Ph.D, Robert Simons, Barbara Losito |
| Appendix 2 The Models of Disability |
1990 |
Oliver 'The Politics of Disablement` |
| Restorative Gardens: The Healing Landscape |
1998 |
Nancy Gerlach-Spriggs, Richard Enoch Kaufman, Sam Bass Warner, Jr |
| Horticulture as a Therapeutic Medium |
1996 |
Miss S.A. Gibson |
| The Children's Garden Project at River Farm |
1994 |
Maureen Heffernan |
| Therapeutic Horticulture - Growing for optimum well being |
2001 |
Tim Spurgeon |
| Beyond Toxicity Human Health and the Natural Environment |
2001 |
H Frumkin |
| Health blossoms in the garden |
2003 |
Graham Hopkins |
| A simple therapy that is down to earth yet uplifting |
2008 |
Penny Wark |
| Facilities and Barriers to the use of Urban Greenspace |
2008 |
Dr. Russell Jones, Dr. Pete Seaman, Dr.Anne Ellaway, Ruth Kendall |
| Research & Evidence Event |
2008 |
R Jepson PhD, F Thackeray |
| Minutes of Research and Evidence event |
2008 |
R Jepson PhD, F Thackeray |
| The true value of community farms and gardens |
2008 |
Federation of City Funds and Community Gardens |
| Appendix 2 References |
2008 |
K. Croucher, L. Myers, J. Bretherton |
| Roles of Daily Horticultural Activities in Physical and Mental QOL for Elderly Adults |
2008 |
K. Yamane, M. Adachi |
| Effects of greenspace on health and wellbeing: summary 2.7 |
2008 |
Greenspace |
| Social and community values of greenspace: summary 3.8 |
2008 |
Greenspace |
| Gardening as a therapeutic intervention in mental health |
2008 |
Mathew Page |
| Life near a city park can be as healthy as out in the country |
2008 |
Mick Marston |
| Greenspace and quality of life: a critical literature review |
2008 |
Simon Bell, Val Hamilton, Alicia Montarzino, Helen Rothnie, Penny Travlou, Susana Alves |
| Physical activity and the environment |
2008 |
NHS National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence |
| Social contacts as a possible mechanism |
2008 |
J Maas , S.E.vanDillen et al. |
| Feel Blue Touch Green |
2006 |
Dr. M Townsend, M Ebden |
| Seeds of "garden scotland" should be sown |
2006 |
Raymond Duncan |
| Horticulture: Meeting the needs of Special Populations |
2002 |
Diane Relf and Sheri Dorn |
| Thirteen years of Thrive |
2002 |
jillm@thrive.org.uk |
| Health Benefits of Gardens in Hospitals |
2002 |
Roger S Ulrich |
| Health Benefits of Garden in Hospitals |
2002 |
Roger S. Ulrich, Ph.D |
| What good is community greening |
2002 |
David Malakoff |
| Gardens in Healthcare Facilities: Uses, Theraputic Benefits and Design Reccomendations |
1995 |
CC Marcus, M Barnes |
| Digging for sanity |
1999 |
Catherine Jackson |
| Effects of gardens on health |
1999 |
Roger S Ulrich, Marcus, M. Barnes |
| Neurology |
2014 |
TJ Littlejohns, W Henley et al. |
| Gardens Crucial for dementia |
2014 |
Dr. R Garside |
| Nature and nurture, people and places |
2014 |
Bruce Whyte and Fiona Crawford et al. |
| What is the impact..for dementia |
2014 |
R Whear, J Thompson, A Bethel et al. |
| Gardens crucial for dementia |
2014 |
R Whear, R Garside |
| Top doctorbacks `garden gym` idea |
2014 |
Mark Kinver |
| Vitamin D Deficiency and Leisure Time Activities in the Elderly: Are All Pastimes the Same? |
2014 |
Marina De Rui, Elena Debora Toffanello, Nicola Veronese, Sabina Zambon, Francesco Bolzetta, Leonardo Sartori, Estella Musacchio, Maria Chiara Corti, Giovannella Baggio, Gaetano Crepaldi, Egle Perissinotto, Enzo Manzato, Giuseppe Sergi |
| Embedded Spirituality: Gardening in Daily Life and Stressful life Experiences |
2011 |
Anita Unruh, Susan Hutchinson |
| Outdoor exercise healthier than gym workouts |
2011 |
Dr. Jo Thompson-Coon, M. Deplege |
| Economic, Environmental, and well-being benefits of life style |
2011 |
C.R. Hall, A.W. Hodges Part I |
| Understanding the mechanism of physical activity… |
2011 |
|
| Early findings |
2011 |
Christopher Leck |
| Determining Exercise Intensities of Gardening Tasks as a Physical Activity Using Metabolic Equivilents in Older Adults |
2011 |
Ki-Cheol Son, Sin-Ae Park, Kwan-Suk Lee |
| Horticulture Therapy |
2011 |
Colin Stirling |
| Edinburgh symposium |
2011 |
Di Blackmore |
| Record of meeting between PhD… |
2011 |
Di Blackmore |
| Exploring the health effects of horticulture and gardens on general and vulnerable populations |
2011 |
Di Blackmore |
| Health benefits of Greening the NHS Estate |
2011 |
NHS Scotland Hospitals |
| Integrating Social Capital Into a Park-Use and Active living framework |
2011 |
Stephanie T. Broyles, PhD, Andrew J. Mowen et. Al |
| Recipe for Success Scotland National food and Drink Policy |
2011 |
J Mollison, J Wilkinson P Wright |
| The effect of horticultural activities on agitation in nursing home residents with dementia |
2011 |
Kar Yiu Luk, K Y Claudia Lai, Ching Ching Li, Wai Hang Cheung, Siu Ming Rin Lam, Ho Yin Li, Ka Po Ng, Wing Hing Shiu, Chui Yee So, Siu Fung Wan |
| Why is Horticulture a good medium for people who work with people with special needs |
2004 |
Jane Stoneham |
| Can greenspace and biodiversity increase levels of physical activity |
2004 |
Dr. William Bird |
| Social and Therapeutic Horticulture: the state of practice in the UK |
2004 |
Joe Sempik, Jo Aldridge and Louise Finnis (Thrive) |
| Effects of Interior Horticultural Activities with Potted Plants on Human Physiological and Emotional Status |
2004 |
K. Yamane, M. Kawashima, N. Fujishige, M. Yoshida |
| Effects of Visual Recognition of Green Plants on the Changes of EEG in Patients with Schizophrenia |
2004 |
K.C. Son, J.E. Song, S.J. Um, J.S. Lee, H.R. Kwack |
| The healing garden in rehabilitation clinic, Sweden |
2004 |
Ingrid Soderback, Marianne Soderstrom, Elisabeth Schalader |
| Mediaeval Quotation |
2004 |
|
| Reflections on: "So What Do You Do?" Occupation and the Construction of Identity |
2004 |
Anita M Unruh |
| Grow to Care |
2009 |
Dianne Anderson |
| Therapeutic Gardening Research & Evidence Event |
2009 |
Anne Jepson |
| An evaluation of the gardening leave |
2009 |
Jacqueline Atkinson |
| Growing better mental health |
2009 |
Jane Elliott |
| Going outside could help you lose weight |
2009 |
Ben Leach |
| The psychological benefits of indoor plants |
2009 |
Tina Bringslimark , Terry Hartig , Grete G. Patil |
| Health risks and benefits associated with soil |
2009 |
Dr. Rupert Hough |
| Growing peace |
2009 |
Emma Cowing |
| More green investment |
2009 |
John Vidal |
| View through a window may influence recovery from surgery |
2009 |
Roger S. Ulrich, Ph.D |
| Gardening with Children and Young |
2009 |
Hayley Young |
| Scotland's Mental Health |
2009 |
M Taulbut, J Parkinson, et al. |
| 1 in 10 taking drugs to fight depression |
2009 |
Helen Puttick |
| A review of horticultural therapy provision in Edinburgh |
2009 |
Hilda Dooley |
| A review of hortucultural therapy provision in Edinburgh |
2009 |
Hilda Dooley |
| Health and the Natural Heritage |
2009 |
Scottish Natural Heritage |
| Physical and Psychological… |
2009 |
Sin-Ae Park, C Shoemaker, M Haub |
| Got Nature? You need to get out |
2009 |
Andea Thompson |
| Five year review... |
2009 |
Sparcoll and BHF National Centre |
| Evidence of the links between nature and health |
2005 |
J. Pretty, M.Griffin, M. Peacock et.al |
| Health impacts of healing environments |
2005 |
Van den Berg |
| Healthy nature healthy people |
2005 |
Cecily Maller, Mardie Townsend, Anita Pryor |
| Therapeutic gardens: an overview of the history of hospital gardens |
2005 |
Clair Hickman |
| Human health and nature conservation |
2005 |
Ambra Burls, Woody Caan |
| Therapy - A Clients Perspective |
1997 |
Ian Rickman |
| Why Horticulture? |
1997 |
Alison Ryan |
| Plenty for Everyone: |
2013 |
Jessie Roberts |
| Scottish Household Survey 2012 |
2013 |
www.greenspacescotland.org.uk |
| The importance of non-exercise physical activity for cardiovascular health and longevity |
2013 |
Ekblom-Bak, E. et al. |
| Physical Activity and the Prevention of Depression: A Systematic Review of Prospective Studies |
2013 |
Mamen, G. Faulkener, G. |
| Physical activity for people with dementia |
2013 |
Alison Bowes , Alison Dawson et al. |
| Green Exercise in the UK |
2007 |
Pretty J, Peacock J, Hine R, et al. |
| Physical activity and Health |
2007 |
BHF National Centre |
| Physical Activity Patterns: Young People |
2007 |
BHF National Centre |
| Economic costs of physical inactivity |
2007 |
BHF National Centre |
| Government seeks secret of keeping us all happy |
2007 |
Gaby Hinsliff |
| ‘A Lively Edge: People, Nature and Therapeutic Design’ |
2007 |
Hilary |
| Getting Back to the Garden |
2007 |
DANNY DAY and BOB HAWKINS |
| Pain in its environmental context |
2007 |
Sara Malenbaum, Francis Keefe, Amanda Williams, Roger Ulrich, Tamara Somers |
| Horticultural therapy: The garden benefits everyone |
2007 |
Deborah Smith |
| How Happy Bug May Ease Depression |
2007 |
Adrian Lee |
| Dirt could help combat depression |
2007 |
Internet AOL Lifesyle |
| Food growing project a boost for health and a sense of community |
2012 |
Dr M Kneafsey, P Turvil |
| Wildlife Gardening Forum, January 2012 |
2012 |
C Spelman |
| Practice of Horticultural Therapy in South Korea |
2012 |
Sin-Ae Park, Ki-Cheol Son, Weon-Keun Cho |
| Food Growing in Schools Report |
2012 |
Colette Bond |
| Healing gardens: recommendations and criteria for design |
2012 |
RIVASSEAU-JONVEAUX Thérese (et al) |
| What is the evidence to support the use of Therapeutic Gardens for the elderley |
2012 |
Mark B. Detweiler, Taral Sharma, Joanna G. Detweiler et al. |
| Physical activity attitudes… |
2012 |
A S Poobalan, L S Aucott, A Clarke et al. |
| Spaces Conference Report |
2012 |
J Duncan, H Lewis, D Graham |
| Allotments really are good for your health |
2010 |
Stephen Adams |
| Hospital to create woodland haven to aid patient's recovery |
2010 |
Jenny Fyall |
| Audit of Exercise Referral |
2010 |
Jepson, R Robertson, L Doi |
| Exploring the health effects of horticulture |
2010 |
R Jepson PhD, F Thackeray |
| Grow your own fresh air |
2010 |
Brigid Moss |
| What is the Best Dose of Nature and Green Exercise for Improving Mental Health |
2010 |
Jo Barton and Jules Pretty |
| What is the best dose of nature and green exercise for improving mental health |
2010 |
Jo Barton, Jules Pretty |
| Audit of exercise referral scheme activity in Scotland |
2010 |
R Jepson, R Robertson, L Doi |
| Case Study: Wellesbourne Allotment |
2010 |
Claire Carter |
| Healing places sick spaces: AHRC/SFC |
2010 |
M Syrotinski, C Jones, J Middleton |
| Mental well-being checklist |
2010 |
Cooke, Friedl |
| Food, mental health and wellbeing |
2010 |
S. Shimmen, H. Biggs, S. Rawcliffe |
| Gardening promotes neuroendocrine.. |
2010 |
A E Van den Berg, HG Custers |
| Allotment Gardening and Health |
2010 |
A. van den Berg, M.van Winsum-Westra et al. |
| Phd record of first meeting |
2010 |
Di Blackmore |
| Cultivating Urban Greenspace |
2010 |
Nina Morris |
| Allotments really are good for your health |
2010 |
Stephen Adams |
| Approche qualitative de l’éprouvé au Jardin de Soins. Une étude exploratoire en Psychiatrie de l’Adulte |
2018 |
POMMIER Romain (et al.) |
| Benefits of a gardening project for people with dementia in nursing homes |
2018 |
McClellan J |
| Benefits of a gardening project for people with dementia in nursing homes |
2018 |
McClellan, J |
| Effects of Horticultural Therapy on Asian Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial |
2018 |
Kheng Siang Ted Ng 1, Angelia Sia 2, Maxel K W Ng 3, Crystal T Y Tan 4, Hui Yu Chan 5, Chay Hoon Tan, Iris Rawtaer, Lei Feng, Rathi Mahendran, Anis Larbi 14, Ee Heok Kua 15 16, Roger C M Ho 17 18 |
| Effects of Horticulture on Frail and Prefrail Nursing Home Residents: A Randomized Controlled Trial |
2018 |
Claudia K Y Lai 1, Rick Y C Kwan 2, Shirley K L Lo 2, Connie Y Y Fung 3, Jordan K H Lau 4, Mimi M Y Tse 2 |
| Structure of the lifestyle horticultural industry |
|
Part II |
| Health, place and nature |
|
Sustainable Development Commission |
| Growing Together research progress report |
|
Dr Joe Sempick |
| Well being benefits |
|
Part III |
| Therapeutic Horticulture, Wellbeing and quality of life |
|
Aye Maung |
| Carbon in the garden |
|
Prof Les Firbank |
| Flow diagram for research |
|
Trellis |
| Research & Evidence Working Group |
|
R Jepson PhD, F Thackeray |
| Nonpharmacologic Interventions… |
|
Jiska Cohen-Mansfield, Ph.D |
| Development of the profession |
|
Various |
| Horticultural Therapy in Nursing Homes |
|
C Shoemaker |
| Pots of health |
|
www.flowercouncil.org |
| Credits |
|
R Simpson |
| Green Space, urbanity and health:how strong is the relation? |
|
Jolanda Mass, Robert A Verheij, Peter P Groenewegen, Sjerp de Vries, Peter Spreeuwenberg |
| New Directions for Environment and Health |
|
george.morris@scotland.gsi.gov.uk |
| Carbon measures |
|
Gwen at Knoydart Powerdown project |
| Public Health Research Form |
|
ruth.jepson@stir.ac.uk |
| Social and Therapeutic Horticulture |
|
D. A. McLaughlin |
| The Social and Economic Costs |
|
SAMH |
| Social and Therapeutic Horticulture |
|
David A. McLaghlin |
| How to Make Your Garden Good for You |
|
Prof Alistair Griffiths, |
| Learning to succeed: horticultural projects for Mental Health |
|
Ian Benison |
| Briefing, Arts and Health |
|
Scottish Arts Council |
| Mental health strategy for Scotland |
|
Scottish Government |
| Herbal: The Essential Guide to Herbs for Living |
|
Deni Brown |
| No Plants No Planet |
|
ioh@horticulture.org.uk |
| Horticulture a Therapeutic Tool |
|
Diane Relf |
